Endocrine Abstracts

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Thyroid hormone 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and its precursor thyroxine (T4) are iodinated compounds known to influence gene expression in virtually every vertebrate tissue. Fundamentally, thyroid hormone signaling results from the interaction of nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) with specific target gene promoters, a process that can either enhance or repress transcription. This process is modulated via binding of thyroid hormone, the ligand...

The binding of T3 to its nuclear receptors (TR) triggers T3 signaling, modulating the expression of thousands of genes. These events are reversible and fluctuate according to the T3 levels. In developing tissues, T3 signaling also modifies chromatin folding, permanently affecting gene expression throughout life. Hypothyroidism occurs when, at any time, there is insufficient T3 signaling, frequently due to low plasma thyroid hormone levels. The treatment is with levothyroxine (...

A C Bianco is a professor of medicine and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Dr A C Bianco obtained his MD, PhD and clinical training in internal medicine and endocrinology in Sao Paulo, Brazil. His work has established the importance of the local control of thyroid hormone activation/inactivation via deiodination, as well as fundamental cellular and molecular properties of the deiodinases (D1, ...